鸟类是自然界的精灵，湿地水鸟是湿地的精灵。湿地是许多鸟类赖以生存的重要的栖息地，是鸟类的家园和乐土，尤其是许多珍稀濒危鸟类赖以生存的基础。湿地鸟类是指示湿地质量的重要标志，湿地鸟类的种类、多少能够充分反映出这块湿地生态系统的生态功能，是反映湿地质量的最直接证据。

现将中国主要水鸟名录转载以方便湿地鸟类研究人员使用。名录中注明有271种水鸟，实际有272种。

中国主要水鸟名录

中文名　           学 名          英文名
潜鸟目 GAVIIFORMES
潜鸟科 Gaviidae (4)
1红喉潜鸟  Gavia stellata   Red-throated Diver
2太平洋潜鸟 Gavia pacifica   Pacific Diver
3黑喉潜鸟 Gavia arctica   Black-throated Diver
4白嘴潜鸟 Gavia adamsii   White-billed Diver
目 PODICIPEDIFORMES
科 Podicipedidae (5)
5小 Tachybaptus ruficollis   Little Grebe
6角 Podiceps auritus   Horned Grebe
7黑颈 Podiceps nigricollis   Black-necked Grebe
8凤头 Podiceps cristatus   Great CrestedGrebe
9赤颈 Podiceps grisegena   Red-necked Grebe
鹱形目 PROCELLARIIFORMES
信天翁科 Diomedeidae（2）
10短尾信天翁 Diomedea albatrus   Short-tailedAlbatross
11黑脚信天翁 Diomedea nigripes   Black-footed Albatross
鹱科 Procellariidae（8）
12暴风鹱 Fulmarus glacialis   Pacific Fulmar
13白额鹱 Puffinus leucomelas   White-frontedShearwater
14曳尾鹱 Puffinus pacificus   Wedge-tailed Shearwater
15灰鹱 Puffinus griseus   Grey Shearwater
16短尾鹱 Puffinus tenuirostris   Short-tailedShearwater
17钩嘴圆尾鹱 Pterodroma rostrata   T ahiti  Petrel 
18点额圆尾鹱 Pterodroma hypoleuca   Bonin Petrel
19纯褐鹱 Bulweria bulwerii   Bulwer"s Petrel
海燕科 Hydrobatidae（2）
20白腰叉尾海燕 Oceanodroma leucorhoa   Fork-tailed Storm Petrel
21黑叉尾海燕 Oceanodroma monorhis   Swinhoe"s Storm Petrel
鹈形目 PELACANIFORMES
鸏科 Phaethontidae（3）
22短尾鸏 Phaethon aethereus   Short-tailed Tropic-bird
23红尾鸏 Phaethon rubricauda   Red-tailed Tropic-bird
24白尾鸏 Phaethon lepturus   Long-tailed Tropic-bird
鹈鹕科 Pelecanidae (2)
25白鹈鹕 Pelecanus onocrotalus   Eastern White Pelican
26斑嘴鹈鹕 Pelecanus philippensis   Spot-billed Pelican
鲣鸟科 Sulidae（2）
27红脚鲣鸟 Sula sula   Red-footed Booby
28褐鲣鸟 Sula leucogaster   Brown Booby
鸬鹚科 Phalacrocoracidae (5)
29[普通]鸬鹚 Phalacrocorax carbo   Common Cormorant
30斑头(绿)鸬鹚Phalacrocorax capillatus   Temminck"s Cormorant
31海鸬鹚 Phalacrocorax pelagicus   Sea Cormorant
32红脸鸬鹚Phalacrocorax urile   Red-faced Cormorant
33黑颈鸬鹚 Phalacrocorax niger   Little Cormorant
军舰鸟科 Fregatidae（3）
34小军舰鸟 Fregata minor   Lesser Frigate Bird
35白腹军舰鸟 Fregata andrwsi   Christmas Island Frigate Bird
36白斑军舰鸟 Fregata ariel   Least Frigate Bird
鹳形目 CICONIIFORMES
鹭科 Ardeidae (21)
37苍鹭 Ardea cinerea   Grey Heron
38草鹭 Ardea purpurea   Purple Heron
39绿鹭Butorides striatus   Little Green Heron
40池鹭 Ardeola bacchus   Chinese Pond Heron
41牛背鹭 Bubulcus ibis   Cattle Egret
42白颈黑鹭 Egretta picata   Pied Heron
43大白鹭 Egretta alba   Large Egret
44白鹭 Egretta garzetta   Little Egret
45黄嘴白鹭 Egretta eulophotes   Chinese Egret
46岩鹭 Egretta sacra   Reef Heron
47中白鹭 Egretta intermedia   Intermediate Egret
48夜鹭 Nycticorax nycticorax   Black-crowned Night Heron
49栗头虎斑鳽 Gorsachius goisagi   Brown Night Heron
50海南虎斑鳽 Gorsachius magnificus   Chinese Night Heron
51黑冠虎斑鳽 Gorsachius melanolophus   Malay Night Heron
52小苇鳽 Ixobrychus minutus   Little Bittern
53黄苇鳽 Ixobrychus sinensis   Yellow Bittern
54紫背苇鳽 Ixobrychus eurhythmus   Schrenck"s Bittern
55栗苇鳽 Ixobrychus cinnamomeus   Cinnamon Bittern
56黑鳽 Ixobrychus flavicollis   Black Bittern
57大麻鳽 Botaurus stellaris   Great Bittern
鹳科 Ciconiidae (5)
58彩鹳 Mycteria leucocephalus   Painted Stork
59白鹳 Ciconia ciconia   White Stork
60东方白鹳 Ciconia boyciana   Oriental White Stork
61黑鹳 Ciconia nigra   Black Stork
62秃鹳 Leptoptilos javanicus   Lesser Adjutant Stork
鹮科 Threskiornithidae (6)
63[黑头]白鹮 Threskiornis melanocephalus   White Ibis
64黑鹮 Pseudibis papillosa   Black Ibis
65朱鹮 Nipponia nippon   Crested Ibis
66彩鹮 Plegadis falcinella   Glossy Ibis
67白琵鹭 Platalea leucorodia   White Spoonbill
68黑脸琵鹭 Platalea minor   Black-faced Spoonbill
雁形目ANSERIFORMES
鸭科 Anatidae (47)
70黑雁 Branta bernicla   Brant Goose
71红胸黑雁 Branta ruficollis   Red-breasted Goose
72鸿雁 Anser cygnoides   Swan Goose
73豆雁 Anser fabalis   Bean Goose
74白额雁 Anser albifrons   White-fronted Goose
75小白额雁 Anser erythropus   Lesser White-fronted Goose
76灰雁 Anser anser   Greylag Goose
77斑头雁 Anser indicus   Bar-headed Goose
78雪雁 Anser caerulescens   Snow Goose
79大天鹅 Cygnus cygnus   Whooper Swan
80小天鹅 Cygnus columbianus   Whistling Swan
81疣鼻天鹅 Cygnus olor   Mute Swan
82[栗]树鸭 Dendrocygna javanica   Lesser Whistling Teal
83赤麻鸭 Tadorna ferruginea   Ruddy Shelduck
84翘鼻麻鸭 Tadorna tadorna   Common Shelduck
85针尾鸭 Anas acuta   Pintail
86绿翅鸭 Anas crecca   Common Teal
87花脸鸭 Anas formosa   Baikal Teal
88罗纹鸭 Anas falcata   Falcated Teal
89绿头鸭 Anas platyrhynchos   Mallard
90斑嘴鸭 Anas poecilorhyncha   Spotbill Duck
91赤膀鸭 Anas strepera   Gadwall
92赤颈鸭 Anas penelope   Wigeon
93白眉鸭 Anas querquedula   Garganey
94琵嘴鸭 Anas clypeata   Shoveller
95云石斑鸭 Marmaronetta angustirostris   Marbled Teal
96赤嘴潜鸭 Netta rufina   Red-crested Pochard
97帆背潜鸭 Aythya valisineria   Canvasback
98红头潜鸭 Aythya ferina   Common Pochard
99白眼潜鸭 Aythya nyroca   White-eyed Pochard
100青头潜鸭 Aythya baeri   Baer"s Pochard
101凤头潜鸭 Aythya fuligula   Tufted Duck
102斑背潜鸭 Aythya marila   Scaup Duck
103鸳鸯 Aix galericulata   Mandarin Duck
104棉凫 Nettapus coromandelianus   Cotton Teal
105瘤鸭 Sarkidiornis melanotos   Comb Duck
106小绒鸭 Polysticta stelleri   Steller"s Eider
107黑海番鸭 Melanitta nigra   Black Scoter
108斑脸海番鸭 Melanitta fusca   White-winged Scoter
109丑鸭 Histrionicus histrionicus   Harlequin Duck
110长尾鸭 Clangula hyemalis   Long-tailed Duck
111鹊鸭 Bucephala clangula   Goldeneye
112白头硬尾鸭 Oxyura leucocephala   White-headed Duck
113斑头秋沙鸭 Mergus albellus   Smew
114中华秋沙鸭 Mergus squamatus   Chinese Merganser
115红胸秋沙鸭 Mergus serrator   Red-breastedMerganser
116普通秋沙鸭 Mergus merganser   Goosander
隼形目FALCONIFORMES
鹰科Accipitridat（1）
117鹗 Pandion haliatus   Osprey
鹤形目GRUIFORMES
鹤科Gruidae (9)
118灰鹤 Grus grus   Common Crane
119黑颈鹤 Grus nigricollis   Black-necked Crane
120白头鹤 Grus monacha   Hooded Crane
121沙丘鹤 Grus canadensis   Shandhill Crane
122丹顶鹤 Grus japonensis   Red-crowned Crane
123白枕鹤 Grus vipio   White-naped Crane
124白鹤 Grusleucogeranus   Siberian White Crane
125赤颈鹤 Grus antigone   Sarus Crane
126蓑羽鹤 Anthropoides virgo   Demoiselle Crane
秧鸡科Rallidae (19)
127普通秧鸡 Rallus aquaticus   Water Rail
128蓝胸秧鸡 Rallus striatus   Blue-breasted Banded Rail
129红腿斑秧鸡 Rallina fasciata   Red-legged Crake
130白喉斑秧鸡 Rallina eurizonoides   Banded Crake
131长脚秧鸡 Crex crex   Corn Crake
132白眉秧鸡 Porzana cinerea   Ashy Crake
133姬田鸡 Porzana parva   Little Crake
134小田鸡 Porzana pusilla   Baillon"s Crake
135斑胸田鸡 Porzana porzana   Spotted Crake
136红胸田鸡 Porzana fusca   Ruddy Crake
137斑胁田鸡 Porzana paykullii   Band-beilied Crake
138棕背田鸡 Porzana bicolor   Rufous-backed Crake
139花田鸡 Porzana exquisita   Swinhoe"s Yellow Rail
140红脚苦恶鸟 Amaurornis akool   Brown Crake
141白胸苦恶鸟 Amaurornis phoenicurus   White-breasted WaterHen
142董鸡 Gallicrex cinerea   Water Cock
143黑水鸡 Gallinula chloropus   Moorhen
144紫水鸡 Porphyrio porphyrio   Purple Moorhen
145白骨顶 Fulica atra   Coot
鸻形目 CHARADRIIFORMES
雉鸻科 Jacanidae (2)
146铜翅水雉 Metapidius indicus   Bronge-winged Jacana
147水雉 Hydrophasianus chirurgus   Pheasant-tailed Jacana
彩鹬科 Rostratulidae (1)
148彩鹬 Rostratula benghalensis   Painted Snipe
蛎鹬科 Haematopodidae (1)
149蛎鹬 Haematopus ostralegus   Oystercatcher
鸻科Charadriidae (15)
150凤头麦鸡 Vanellus vanellus   Lapwing
151灰头麦鸡 Vanellus cinereus   Grey-headed Lapwing
152肉垂麦鸡 Vanellus indicus   Red-wattledLapwing
153距翅麦鸡 Vanellus duvaucelii   Spur-winged Lapwing
154灰斑鸻 Pluvialis squatarola   Grey Plover
155金[斑]鸻 Pluvialis dominica   Eastern Golden Plover
156剑鸻 Charadrius hiaticula   Ringed Plover
157长嘴剑鸻 Charadrius placidus   Long-billed Ringed Plover
158金眶鸻 Charadrius dubius   Little Ringed Plover
159环颈鸻 Charadrius alexandrinus   Kentish Plover
160蒙古沙鸻 Charadrius mongolus   Mongolian Plover
161铁嘴沙鸻 Charadrius leschenaultii   Large Sand Plover
162红胸鸻 Charadrius asiaticus   Caspian Plover
163东方鸻 Charadrius veredus   Eastern Sand Plover
164小嘴鸻 Eudromias morinellus   Dotterel
鹬科 Scolopacidae (48)
165小杓鹬 Numenius minutus   Little Whimbrel
166中杓鹬 Numenius phaeopus  Whimbrel 　
167白腰杓鹬 Numenius arquata   Curlew
168红腰杓鹬 Numenius madagascariensis   Red-rumped Curlew
169黑尾塍鹬 Limosa limosa   Black-tailed Godwit
170斑尾塍鹬 Limosa lapponica   Bar-tailed Godwit
171红脚鹤鹬 Tringa erythropus   Spotted Redshank
172红脚鹬 Tringa totanus   Redshank
173泽鹬 Tringa stagnatilis   Marsh Sandpiper
174青脚鹬 Tringa nebularia    Greenshank
175白腰草鹬 Tringa ochropus   Green Sandpiper
176林鹬 Tringa glareola   Wood Sandpiper
177小青脚鹬 Tringa guttifer   Armstrong"s Sandpiper
178小黄脚鹬 Tringa flavipes   Lesser Yellowlegs
179灰鹬 Tringa incana   Grey Sandpiper
180矶鹬 Tringa hypoleucos   Common Sandpiper
181灰尾漂鹬 Heteroscelus brevipes   Grey-rumped Sandpiper
182漂鹬 Heteroscelus incanus   Gery Sandpiper
183翘嘴鹬 Xenus cinereus   Terek Sandpiper
184翻石鹬 Arenaria interpres   Turnstone
185长嘴鹬 Limnodromus scolopaceus   Long-billed Dowitcher
186半蹼鹬 Limnodromus semipalmatus   Snipe-billed Godwit
187孤沙锥 Gallinago solitaria   Solitary Snipe
188澳南沙锥 Gallinago hardwickii   Latham"s Snipe
189林沙锥 Gallinago nemoricola   Wood Snipe 　
190针尾沙锥 Gallinago stenura   Pintail Snipe
191大沙锥 Gallinago megala   Swinhoe"s Snipe
192扇尾沙锥 Gallinago gallinago   Fantail Snipe
193丘鹬 Scolopax rusticola   Woodcock
194姬鹬 Lymnocryptes minimus   Jack Snipe
195红腹滨鹬 Calidris canutus   Red Knot
196大滨鹬 Calidris tenuirostris   Great Knot
197红胸滨鹬 Calidris ruficollis   Red-necked Stint
198西方滨鹬 Calidris mauri   Western Sandpiper
199长趾滨鹬 Calidris subminuta   Long-toed Stint
200小滨鹬 Calidris minuta   Little Stint
201乌脚滨鹬 Calidris temminckii   Temminck"s Stint
202尖尾滨鹬 Calidris acuminata   Sharp-tailed Stint
203岩滨鹬 Calidris ptilocnemis   Rock Sand-piper
204黑腹滨鹬 Calidris alpina   Dunlin
205弯嘴滨鹬 Calidris ferruginea   Curlew Stint
206斑胸滨鹬 Calidris melanotos   Pectoral Sandpiper
207三趾滨鹬 Crocethia alba   Sanderling
208勺嘴鹬 Eurynorhynchus pygmeus   Spoon-billedSandpiper
209阔嘴鹬 Limicola falcinellus   Broad-billed Sandpiper
210高跷鹬 Micropalama himantopus   Stilt Sandpiper
211黄胸鹬 Tryngites subruficillis   Buff-breastedSandpiper
212流苏鹬 Philomachus pugnax   Ruff
反嘴鹬科 Recurvirostridae (3) 　
213鹮嘴鹬 Ibidorhyncha struthersii   Ibis-bill
214黑翅长脚鹬 Himantopus himantopus   Black-winged Stint
215反嘴鹬 Recurvirostra avosetta   Pied Avocet
瓣蹼鹬科Phalaropodidae (2)
216红颈瓣蹼鹬 Phalaropus lobatus   Red-necked Phalarope
217灰瓣蹼鹬 Phalaropus fulicarius   Grey Phalarope
石鸻科Burhinidae (2)
218大石鸻 Esacus magnirostris   Great Stone Plover
219石鸻 Burhinus oedicnemus   Stone Curlew
燕鸻科 Glareolidae (2)
220普通燕鸻 Glareola maldivarum   Oriental Pratincole
221灰燕鸻 Glareola lactea   Small Pratincole
鸥形目LARIFORMES
贼鸥科 Stercorariidae (4)
222中贼鸥 Stercorarius pomarinus   Pomatorhine Skua
223大贼鸥 Catharacta skua   Great Skua
224短尾贼鸥 Stercorarius parasiticus   Short-tailed Skua
225长尾贼鸥 Stercorarius longicaudus   Long-tailed Skua
鸥科 Laridae (33)
226黑尾鸥 Larus crassirostris   Black-tailed Gull
227海鸥 Larus canus   Common Gull
228银鸥 Larus argentatus   Herring Gull
229灰背鸥 Larus schistisagus   Slaty-backed Gull
230灰翅鸥 Larus glaucescens   Glaucous-winged Gull
231北极鸥 Larus hyperboreus   Glaucous Gull
232渔鸥 Larus ichthyaetus   Great Black-headed Gull
233遗鸥 Larus relictus   Relict Gull
234红嘴鸥 Larus ridibundus   Black-headed Gull
235棕头鸥 Larus brunnicephalus   Brown-headed Gull
236细嘴鸥 Larus genei   Slender-billed Gull
237小鸥 Larus minutus   Little Gull
238黑嘴鸥 Larus saundersi   Saunder"s Gull
239三趾鸥 Rissa tridactyla   Blacked-leggedKittiwake
240楔尾鸥 Rhodostethia rosea   Wedge-tailed Gull
241须浮鸥 Chlidonias hybrida   Whiskered Tern
242白翅浮鸥 Chlidonias leucoptera   White-winged Black Tern
243黑浮鸥 Chlidonias niger   Black Tern
244鸥嘴噪鸥 Gelochelidon nilotica   Gull-billed Tern
245红嘴巨鸥 Hydroprogne caspia   Caspian Tern
246黄嘴河燕鸥 Sterna aurantia   River Tern
247普通燕鸥 Sterna hirundo  Common Tern
248粉红燕鸥 Sterna dougallii   Roseate Tern
249黑枕燕鸥 Sterna sumatrana   Black-naped Tern
250黑腹燕鸥 Sterna melanogaster   Black-bellied Tern
251褐翅燕鸥 Sterna anaethetus   Brown-winged Tern
252乌燕鸥 Sterna fuscata   Sooty Tern
253白额燕鸥 Sterna albifrons  Little Tern
254大凤头燕鸥 Thalasseus bergii   Large Crested Tern
255小凤头燕鸥 Thalasseus bengalensis   Little Crested Tern
256黑嘴端凤头燕鸥 Thalasseus bernsteini   Chinese Lesser Crested Tern
257白顶黑燕鸥 Anous stolidus   Common Noddy
258白燕鸥 Gygis alba   White Tern
剪嘴鸥科Rynchopidae (1)
259剪嘴鸥 Rhynchops albicollis   Indian Skimmer
海雀科Alcidae（4）
260扁嘴海雀 Synthiboramphus antiquus   Ancient Murrelet
261斑海雀 Brachyramphus marmoratus   Marbled Murrelet
262角嘴海雀 Cerorhinca monocerata   Hornbilled Auklet
263冠海雀 Synthliboraphus antiqus   Crested Murrelet
鴞形目STRIGIFORMES
鸱鴞科 Strigidae（3）
264毛腿渔鴞 Ketupa blakistoni   Blackiston"s Fish Owl
265褐渔鴞 Ketupa zeylonensis   Brown Fish Owl
266黄脚渔鴞 Ketupa flavipes   Tawny Fish Owl
佛法僧目CORACIIFORMES
翠鸟科 Aleedinidae（6）
267冠鱼狗 Ceryle lugubrus   Crested PiedKingfisher
268斑鱼狗 Ceryle rudis   Lesser Pied Kingfisher
269普通翠鸟 Alcedo atthis   Common Kingfisher
270赤翡翠 Halcyon coromanda   Ruddy Kingfisher
271白胸翡翠 Halcyon smyrnensis   White-breasted Kingfisher
272篮翡翠 Halcyon pileata   Black-capped Kingfisher

合计 12 目 32 科 271种